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• Google Scholar — Academic literature search
• Semantic Scholar — AI-powered academic research engine
• BASE — Bielefeld Academic Search Engine for scholarly documents
• CORE — Global aggregator of open access research papers
• WorldCat — Global library catalog

• PubMed — Biomedical and life sciences literature
• arXiv — Open-access preprints in science, math, and computer science
• IEEE Xplore — Technical literature in engineering and computer science
• ScienceDirect — Scientific publications and journals (commercial)
• SpringerLink — Academic books and journals (commercial/freemium)

• Litmaps — Visualize citation networks
• ResearchGate — Academic social network and research sharing
• Academia.edu — Platform for academic paper sharing
• OpenAIRE — Open access research aggregator
• Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) — Index of peer-reviewed open-access journals